Sources and credits

Cited on these pages

• 1800RESPECTCall 1800 737 732, free, 24 hours a day.
• 9-8-8: Suicide Crisis Helpline (Canada)Call or text 988, 24 hours a day. Emergency: 911.
• 988 Suicide & Crisis LifelineCall or text 988, or chat at chat.988lifeline.org. 24/7. Also for people worried about someone else (988lifeline.org/help-someone-else/).
• al-Ṭabarī, Jāmiʿ al-Bayān, on 1:1Al-Ṭabarī: our Lord is al-Raḥmān to all His creation in this world and the next, and al-Raḥīm to the believers in particular.
• al-Ṭabarī, Jāmiʿ al-Bayān, on 1:4Ibn ʿAbbās (via al-Ṭabarī): yawm al-dīn is the day creation is brought to account, the Day of Resurrection, when He repays them for their deeds.
• al-Ṭabarī, Jāmiʿ al-Bayān, on 112:2Al-Ṭabarī: among the Arabs, al-ṣamad is the master to whom people turn, with no one above him.
• al-Ṭabarī, Jāmiʿ al-Bayān, on 113:1Al-Ṭabarī: in Arabic, al-falaq is the breaking of dawn; since Allah did not restrict it, it includes all that is called falaq, as He is Lord of all of it.
• al-Ṭabarī, Jāmiʿ al-Bayān, on 113:3Al-Ṭabarī: a ghāsiq is whatever darkens (the night, a setting star, the moon); waqab means it enters; the command is general.
• al-Ṭabarī, Jāmiʿ al-Bayān, on 113:4Al-Ṭabarī: the sorceresses who blow on knots of thread as they recite spells over them.
• al-Ṭabarī, Jāmiʿ al-Bayān, on 113:5Al-Ṭabarī: refuge from every envier who, when envying, finds fault, works sorcery or wishes harm.
• al-Ṭabarī, Jāmiʿ al-Bayān, on 114:4Al-Ṭabarī: a devil who whispers at one time and slinks back at another; when the servant remembers his Lord and obeys Him, he slinks away.
• al-Ṭabarī, Jāmiʿ al-Bayān, on 114:5Al-Ṭabarī: Satan the whisperer, who whispers in the chests of people, both jinn and humans.
• Childhelp National Child Abuse HotlineCall or text 1-800-422-4453 (tel: and sms: links on the hotline page). 24/7. Talk to a counsellor; not a reporting line; the site lists each state’s CPS reporting number.
• Childline (NSPCC)For children and young people: call 0800 1111, free, 24/7, or use the online 1-2-1 chat.
• Ibn Kathīr, Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-ʿAẓīm, on 112:2Ibn Kathīr quotes al-Ṭabarānī: all of these explanations are correct and are attributes of our Lord.
• Ibn Kathīr, Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-ʿAẓīm, on 114:6Ibn Kathīr: it is also said that “of the jinn and of people” explains the whisperers: devils of humankind and jinn.
• Jāmiʿ al-Tirmidhī 2903ʿUqbah ibn ʿĀmir: the Prophet ﷺ told him to recite the muʿawwidhatān at the end of every prayer.
• Jāmiʿ al-Tirmidhī 3575ʿAbdullāh ibn Khubayb: the same report as Abū Dāwūd 5082.
• Kids Help PhoneCall 1-800-668-6868 (24/7) or text CONNECT to 686868.
• Kids HelplineAges 5 to 25: call 1800 55 1800, 24/7.
• Lifeline AustraliaCall 13 11 14 (24/7) or text 0477 13 11 14; online chat 24/7. Emergency: 000.
• National Domestic Abuse Helpline (run by Refuge)Call 0808 2000 247, free, 24 hours a day. Emergency: 999.
• National Domestic Violence HotlineCall 1-800-799-7233 (800-799-SAFE), text START to 88788, or chat at thehotline.org. 24/7. Its safety note says browsing history cannot be completely erased.
• NSPCC HelplineFor adults worried about a child: 0808 800 5000, 10am–4pm Monday to Friday (email help@nspcc.org.uk). Police: 999.
• Qurʾān, Luqmān 31:15Of parents who press their child to worship other than Allah: do not obey them in that, “but keep them company in this world with kindness”. (Our rendering of the meaning.)
• Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 2620 (Kitāb al-Hibah)Asmāʾ bint Abī Bakr: my mother came to me in the lifetime of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ while she was a polytheist. I asked him whether I should keep good ties with her, and he said, “Yes, keep good ties with your mother.”
• Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 4474Abū Saʿīd ibn al-Muʿallā: al-Ḥamdu lillāhi rabbi l-ʿālamīn is the greatest sūrah in the Qurʾān, the seven oft-repeated and the great Qurʾān given to the Prophet ﷺ.
• Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 5013Abū Saʿīd al-Khudrī: the Prophet ﷺ said that al-Ikhlāṣ is equal to a third of the Qurʾān.
• Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 5016ʿĀʾishah: when ill, the Prophet ﷺ recited the muʿawwidhāt over himself and blew lightly.
• Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 5017ʿĀʾishah: each night at bedtime the Prophet ﷺ recited al-Ikhlāṣ, al-Falaq and al-Nās, blew into his cupped hands and wiped them over his body, three times.
• Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 6464 (Kitāb al-Riqāq)ʿĀʾishah: the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, “Aim for what is right and keep close to it, and know that no one’s deeds will admit him to Paradise, and that the most beloved deeds to Allah are those done regularly, even if they are few.”
• Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 69 (Kitāb al-ʿIlm)Anas ibn Mālik: the Prophet ﷺ said, “Make things easy and do not make them hard. Give good news and do not drive people away.”
• Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 7375ʿĀʾishah: a man who led prayers closed his recitation with al-Ikhlāṣ because it describes the Most Merciful and he loved it; the Prophet ﷺ said, “Tell him that Allah loves him.”
• Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 756ʿUbādah ibn al-Ṣāmit: the Prophet ﷺ said there is no prayer for whoever does not recite the Opening of the Book.
• Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim 394aʿUbādah ibn al-Ṣāmit: the same report as al-Bukhārī 756.
• Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim 395aAbū Hurayrah: Allah says He has divided the prayer between Himself and His servant, and answers each part of al-Fātiḥah as the servant recites it.
• Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim 726Abū Hurayrah: in the two rakʿahs before Fajr the Prophet ﷺ recited al-Kāfirūn and al-Ikhlāṣ.
• Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim 811aAbū al-Dardāʾ: al-Ikhlāṣ is equal to a third of the Qurʾān.
• Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim 814aʿUqbah ibn ʿĀmir: the Prophet ﷺ said āyāt had been sent down whose like had never been seen: al-Falaq and al-Nās.
• SamaritansCall 116 123, free, 24 hours a day (UK and Ireland).
• ShelterSafe: provincial and territorial help linesLists domestic-violence help lines by province and territory (for example Ontario’s Assaulted Women’s Helpline, Quebec’s SOS violence conjugale).
• Sunan Abī Dāwūd 1523ʿUqbah ibn ʿĀmir: the Prophet ﷺ told him to recite the muʿawwidhāt after every prayer.
• Sunan Abī Dāwūd 5082ʿAbdullāh ibn Khubayb: recite al-Ikhlāṣ and the muʿawwidhatān three times in the evening and the morning; they will suffice you against everything.
• Sunan Abī Dāwūd 832ʿAbdullāh ibn Abī Awfā: a man who said he could not learn anything of the Qurʾān was taught to say subḥān Allāh, al-ḥamdu lillāh, lā ilāha illā Allāh, Allāhu akbar, and lā ḥawla wa lā quwwata illā billāh.

Photographs

Every photograph on the site, with its credit and licence. Photographs under a Creative Commons share-alike licence are cropped and resized for this site, and those versions are shared under the same licence.

• A pair of slippers left on the threshold beside a carved wooden door and a rug Photo by Süeda Dide Gökdaş on Pexels. Licence: Pexels License. Original on Pexels.
• Folded prayer rugs with fringed edges Photo by Arif Syuhada on Pexels. Licence: Pexels License. Original on Pexels.
• A closed muṣḥaf on a small wooden stand on a masjid carpet Photo by mohammad ramezani on Pexels. Licence: Pexels License. Original on Pexels.
• A kettle and tea glasses on a tray, some half finished Photo by Zana Lookman on Pexels. Licence: Pexels License. Original on Pexels.
• A stack of books on a wooden stand beside a marble balustrade Photo by Sümeyye Başbil on Pexels. Licence: Pexels License. Original on Pexels.
• Sunlight through a window falling across a masjid carpet Photo by Rüveyda Akkaya on Pexels. Licence: Pexels License. Original on Pexels.
• Mother Mosque of America, Cedar Rapids, Iowa "Mother Mosque of America Cedar Rapids IA pic2" by RifeIdeas, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons. Licence: CC BY-SA 3.0 (our crop is shared under the same licence). Original on Wikimedia.
• Islamic Center and Mosque of Grand Rapids, Michigan "Islamic Center and Mosque of Grand Rapids" by Gpwitteveen, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons. Licence: CC BY-SA 3.0 (our crop is shared under the same licence). Original on Wikimedia.

Credits and licences

• Qurʾānic text: Tanzil Quran Text (Uthmani), © Tanzil Project, tanzil.net, licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 3.0. Copied verbatim by script through api.alquran.cloud and never altered. The English on the sūrah pages is our own rendering of the meaning.
• Fonts: Brygada 1918 (the Brygada 1918 Project Authors), Work Sans (the Work Sans Project Authors), Readex Pro (the Readex Pro Project Authors) and Scheherazade New (SIL International), all under the SIL Open Font License 1.1, self-hosted from @fontsource.
• Software: Astro (MIT), Pagefind for search (MIT), and pdf-lib with @pdf-lib/fontkit for the certificate maker (MIT).